Proper insemination of cows: how genetic and physiological factors influence herd productivity

Genetics plays a significant role in determining the reproductive fitness of bulls, and daughter pregnancy rates should be compared to accepted standards. If a farm's performance falls short of the baseline, using less-than-optimal bulls can still improve fertility.

Cow physiology is also crucial for successful insemination. Feed quality, housing conditions, and veterinary care directly impact results. Proper timing of insemination, including the choice between sexed and conventional semen, is also crucial. The expertise of local specialists in pregnancy diagnosis and adherence to hormonal insemination protocols is critical.

There is a significant link between the hormones that regulate fertility and those responsible for MILK production. Early insemination can negatively impact milk yield, so starting the insemination program around 60 days after calving is considered optimal.

Some farms choose to delay insemination to avoid losing milk production during peak lactation. However, this decision requires careful monitoring of the animals' HEALTH to avoid obesity and reduced milk yield.

Breeding farms have no room for risky decisions, so insemination timing is strictly adhered to to achieve a minimum 80% successful calf birth rate. On commercial farms, the strategy may vary depending on the goals—expanding current milk production or stabilizing calf production.

Thus, successful insemination relies on the harmonious balance of various factors: genetics, physiology, and economic conditions. With proper organization, processes can be optimized, allowing for the production of calves and milk without loss of quality.